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(No Modelg) W. HLHLV'GHILDS. FELT AND GRAVEL ROOF.

Patented Mar. 4,1884.'

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, UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM IIENRY HARRISON CHILDS, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

A.FELT AND GRAVEL ROOF.

SPECIFICATION forming* part Of Letters Patent No. 294,579, dated March 4, 1884. A Application filed January 15, 1884. (No model.)

To a/ZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAMH. H. CHILDS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented certain new, and useful Improvements in Felt and Gravel Roofs,

lof which the following is a specification, refof the gravel roof a manufactured material,

-consisting of two, three, or more plies of felt or other fabric saturated with coal-tar, pitch, asphaltum, or other water-proof material, the plies of felt or other materia-1 thus coated and saturated being joined together by layers of coaltar, pitch, or bituminous compounds placed between them in the process of manufacturing the same. y 'y My invention consists, further, in certain details of construction, which will be more fully described,and pointed out in the claims. Figure l is alongitudinal sectional view of a two-ply felt. three-ply felt. Fig. 3 is a sectional view of a three-ply felt with a layer of gravel thereon. Fig. 4L is a top or plan view of one form of laying my improved roof. Fig. 5 is a top and edge view of another form. Fig. 6 is a side view and also a top view of a nail of peculiar construction used for securing the plies of felt to the boards of the roof. In the constructionk of felt and gravel roofs, it has heretofore been the practice to lay single layers of felt or tarred paper on the sheathing-boards of the roof shingle fashion, one layer at a time, and as each layer was laid to mop it between the overlapping edges with hot pitch 5 then another layer of fe'lt or tarred paper applied in the manner above described, and so on until the desired number of layers of felt have been laid. It is a difficult matter to lay a perfect roof in this manner, unless it is done by skillful workmen having perfect appliances and under favorable conditions of Fig. 2 is a similar view of a come hard, and thus the layers Vare imperfectly joined. If the weather is hot, the bitumen is apt to run toward the eaves of the roof, and lthus be unequally distributed, rendering the bond between the overlapping layers of felt imperfect. Should high winds prevail, much difficulty is -experienced in handling these singlesheets of felt or paper, and it is almost impossible 'to get them laid in their proper position without being torn or destroyed by the wind.

To overcome these obstacles and provide a means for laying a good roofv under any and all circumstances is the object of my present invention,- which I will now proceed to describe. f

In the drawings, A designates atwo-ply, and B a three-ply fabric composed of layers of paper or felt, a, saturatedwth-coal-tar, pitch, or bitumen, and joined'together by layers of coaltar, pitch, or any suitable bituminous cement, b. Any ofthe two'or three ply felt manufactured under the patents granted A. Robinson, with proper machinery and under'favorable circumstances, will be found to produce good results when laid according to my invention.

In the covering of a roof I use as many layers -of the two or three ply fabric as may be desirable. For example, two layers of the twoply fabric laid upon the roof makes a foundation of four plies of water-proof fabric with twolayers of bitumen, coal-tar, or coal-tar pitch over the entire surface of the roof. Two layers ofthe three-ply felt will make a foundation of six plies of fabric and four layers of the bitumen, as shown at a2, Fig. 3. A layer of the three-ply-and a layer of the two-ply will make a foundation of five plies with three layers of the bituminous cement, as shown at y iu Fig. 3.

I have shown in the lower part of Fig. 5 a sectional View of a roof in which two layers of twoply felt are used.

C are the roof-boards, on whichl is placed a layer or sheathing of untarred paper, D,which will prevent the foundation felt or fabric from adhering to the roof-boards, so that any shrinking or swelling of the roof-boards will not in= edges of the felt together is apt to set or bejure or cause cracks in the roof. On top of the sheathing D is laid one, two, or more layers of the two or three ply felt.

My preferred manner of laying is shown in` Fig. 4, in which the manufactured felt is laidl from eaves to ridge and lapped two inches at the edges. The laps are fastened by nails and disks-such as are shown in Fig. G-or by nailing over the lap a strip of Wood oneinch wide and one-fourth (i) inch thick, as shown at c c. The lap is then covered with hot pitch or composition, and upon and embedded in this, while it is still hot, is a cap of felt, E, from four to iive inches wide. Over the foundation thus laid is spread a heavy layer of coaltar, pitch, or other suitable bituminous Inatter, in which is embedded a thick layer of clean gravel.

In the upper portion of Fig. .3 Ihavc shown another method of laying the foundation where two thicknesses of felt are used. In this case the layers of felt are laid from eaves to ridge, the upper layer being laid to break `joints with the lower layer, both layers being secured in position and covered with coal-tar or pitch and gravel, as hereinbefore stated.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1;' A roof composed of a sheathing or layer of untarred paper la-id on the roof-boards, one or more layers of manufactured felt, substantially such as described, superposed on the sheathing of untarred paper, a layer of bituminous cement, -and a layer of gravel embedded therein, asset forth.

2. A roof composed of one or more layers of a manufactured felt, substantially such as described, having the adjoining oroverlapping edges secured or joined together by strips of wood or metal disks being nailed down over them, a layer of pitch and a strip of felt or paper secured over the wooden strips, and superposed layers of pitch and gravel, as set forth.

In testimony whereof Iafiix my signature in presence of two witnesses. l

WIL-MAH HENRY HARRISON CHILDS.

\Vitncsses:

C. E. LockwooD, Evnnsmiv CHILns. 

